Throttle logins by account and by address, separately
One attacker with many addresses and many attackers on one address are different attacks. A single counter catches only one of them.
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One attacker with many addresses and many attackers on one address are different attacks. A single counter catches only one of them.
TOTP is HMAC-SHA1 over a time counter, truncated to six digits. About forty lines, and it works with every authenticator app.